Term Papers on Animal Experimentation

Term Paper Title	Animal Experimentation
# of Words	2086
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	8.34

Animal Experimentation

I.  Statement of the proposition: Animal testing for the purposes of drugs and cosmetics should be banned.
II.  Introduction.
A.  The use of animal testing should be allowed to be used when testing for drugs and
cosmetics for two major reasons.
1.  Animal testing has helped bring us to the modern era, where we enjoy longer                       life spans,
and better health in general
2.  Now more than ever we need animal testing to help find the answers to terminal diseases such as cancer
and AIDS.

B.  Animal testing has been around for almost as long as medicine itself.  During           the Middle Ages
the vaccine to small pox was discovered that by observing cows, and their effects on cows maids.  Small
pox, a disease that once threatened to wipe out the human population is now virtually non-existent.  During
the 20’s, the value of using animals for dissection was first introduced into the educational curriculum.  It
was a good tool in the study of the anatomy, physiology, and the theory of evolution.  During the mid 70’s,
however, the concept that animals have rights inspired a new breed of political activist, who have hindered
and delayed the medical research ever since.

C.  The following definitions may be applied.
1.  "primate" may be defined as a group of mammals including monkeys, apes, and chimpanzees who are
especially valuable to research because of their remarkable likeness to human beings.
2.  "vivisection" may be defined as act or practice of operating on living animals for scientific study or
experimentation.

D.  The following are the major arguments for each side.
1.  The affirmative side can be expected to use these arguments.
a.  Animal experimentation is unethical.
b.  Most animal experimentation does not benefit human health.
c.  Animal experimentation is underregulated.
d.  Primate research is inhumane.
2.  The negative side can be expected to use these arguments.
a.  Animal experimentation is ethical.
b.  Animal experimentation benefits human health.
c.  Animal experimentation is adequately regulated.
d.  Primate research is humane.

III. The affirmative arguments are supported by these items of evidence.
1.  Animal experimentation is unethical.
A.  These creatures are defenseless innocent of wrongdoing, unable to understand what is going on to them
and why, but their nerves shriek, and their bodies tremble or they sicken and retch with injected or ingested
poisons, and sometimes they expire in agony. (The American Anti-Vivisection Society)
B.  Since our nervous systems are similar to those of animals, it is logical to assume that they feel pain and
suffer, as we would, when they are inflicted with viruses or wounded. (Richard Ryer, author of Victims of
Science)
C.  A 1970 study concluded that 3 million animals per year are used in the United States, for secondary
school and university education purposes, that are mainly demonstrations and not experiments at all.
2.  Most animal experimentation does not benefit human health.
A.  Most of the key discoveries in several areas, such as heart disease and cancer    were made by clinical
research, observations of patients, and human autopsies.  Animal research only goes to "prove" what has
already been showed in humans. (Stephan Kaufman)
B.  In the past 30 years, 400,000 chemicals had been screened on mice suffering from leukemia, and lung
tumors.  While some of the drugs worked on the mice, none of the drugs have worked on the humans so
far, making the "war against cancer" an expensive failure. (Christine Stevens, Statement before the
          House of Subcommittee on Labor, Health, and Human Services)
C.  Animals and humans differ in medically important ways, therefore effects of    drugs and other
treatments studied are not necessarily seen in animals. (The Humane Society of the United States "Fact
Sheet Alternatives")
3.  Animal Experimentation is underregulated.
A.  Alternatives to animal research such as ce...

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