Term Papers on CLONING

Term Paper Title	CLONING
# of Words	567
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2.27

CLONING

Genetic engineering, altering the inherited characteristics of an organism in a
predetermined way, by introducing into it a piece of the genetic material of
another organism.  Genetic engineering offers the hope of cures for many
inherited diseases, once the problem of low efficiencies of effective transfer
of genetic material is overcome.

Another development has been the refinement of the technique called
cloning, which produces large numbers of genetically identical individuals by
transplanting whole cell nuclei.  With other techniques scientists can isolate
sections of DNA representing single genes, determine their nucleotide
sequences, and reproduce them in the laboratory.  This offers the possibility
of creating entirely new genes with commercially or medically desirable
properties.

While the potential benefits of genetic engineering are considerable, so may
be the potential dangers.  For example, the introduction of cancer-causing
genes into a common infectious organism, such as the influenza virus, could
be hazardous.

We have come to believe that all human beings are equal; but even more
firmly, we are taught to believe each one of us is unique.  Is that idea
undercut by cloning? That is, if you can deliberately make any number of
copies of an individual, is each one special?  How special can clones feel,
knowing they were replicated like smile buttons.  "We aren't just our genes,
we're a whole collection of our experiences," says Albert Jonsen.  But the
idea, he adds, raises a host of issues, "from the fantastic to the profound."

When anesthesia was discovered in the 19th century, there was a speculation
that it would rob humans of the transforming experience of suffering.  When
three decades ago, James Watson and Francis Crick unraveled the genetic
code, popular discussion turned not to the new hope for vanquishing disease
but to the specter of genetically engineered races of...

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