Term Papers on Angina Pectoris

Term Paper Title	Angina Pectoris
# of Words	5753
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	23.01

Angina Pectoris

                         ANGINA PECTORIS

                                                      Submitted by:
                                                      Course: SBI OAO
                                                      To:
                                                      Date:

                       CONTENTS

3  Introduction
4  The Human Heart
5  Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease
5       Heart Attack
5       Sudden Death
5       Angina
6  Angina Pectoris
6       Signs and Symptoms
7       Different Forms of Angina
8       Causes of Angina
9  Atherosclerosis
9       Plaque
10       Lipoproteins
10       Lipoproteins and Atheroma
11  Risk Factors
11       Family History
11       Diabetes
11       Hypertension
11       Cholesterol
12       Smoking
12       Multiple Risk Factors
13  Diagnosis
14  Drug Treatment
14       Nitrates
14       Beta-blockers
15       Calcium antagonists
15       Other Medications
16  Surgery
16       Coronary Bypass Surgery
17       Angioplasty
18  Self-Help
20  Type-A Behaviour Pattern
21  Cardiac Rehab Program
22  Conclusion
23  Diagrams and Charts
26  Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

     In today's society, people are gaining medical knowledge at
quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various
diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet,
coronary heart disease remains the number one killer in the
world.

     The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol
abuse, homicides, AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not
realizing is that coronary heart disease actually accounts for
about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths
from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths
from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and
influenza, and others, COMBINED.

     One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina
pectoris. Unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it
seriously, and thus not realizing that it may lead to other
complications, and even death.
THE HUMAN HEART

     In order to understand angina, one must know about our own
heart. The human heart is a powerful muscle in the body which is
worked the hardest. A double pump system, the heart consists of
two pumps side by side, which pump blood to all parts of the
body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood through the
body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until
death.

     The heart is a hollow, muscular organ slightly bigger than a
person's clenched fist. It is located in the centre of the chest,
under the breastbone above the sternum, but it is slanted
slightly to the left, giving people the impression that their
heart is on the left side of their chest.

     The heart is divided into two halves, which are further
divided into four chambers: the left atrium and ventricle, and
the right atrium and ventricle. Each chamber on one side is
separated from the other by a valve, and it is the closure of
these valves that produce the "lubb-dubb" sound so familiar to
us. (see Fig. 1 - The Structure of the Heart)

     Like any other organs in our body, the heart needs a supply
of blood and oxygen, and coronary arteries supply them. There are
two main coronary arteries, the left coronary artery, and the
right coronary artery. They branch off the main artery of the
body, the aorta. The right coronary artery circles the right side
and goes to the back of the heart. The left coronary artery
further divides into the left circumflex and the left anterior
descending artery. These two left arteries feed the front and the
left side of the heart. The division of the left coronary artery
is the reason why doctors usually refer to three main coronary
arteries. (Fig. 2 - Coronary Arteries)
SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

     There are three main symptoms of coronary heart disease:
Heart...

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