Term Papers on Australia

Term Paper Title	Australia
# of Words	1231
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	4.92

Australia

Australians are known for various things. Their funny accent, their partys, wild nature, beer, etc. The country itself is very interesting aswell. It has many types of wildlife that look cuddly, and others that you wouldn’t touch with a 20 foot pole. All in all, the country of Australia is a place that is one of the most visited by tourists around the world.
The average Australian woman has a life expectancy at birth of 80 years, six more years than the average Australian man . Most Australians marry in their mid to late twenties; married couple families, including de facto families numbered more than four million in 1995. The average married couple has two children. Average families are either buying or have bought their own home. Couples with children remain the most dominant type of family, accounting for 49 per cent of all families, married couples without children make up 30 per cent, and single parent families make up 13 per cent. Four out of five children stay at home until 24. Most couples, 54 per cent, have some
period of living together before marrying.
States and Territories are responsible for providing educational services, with supplementary funding coming from the Federal Government. Schooling is compulsory until the age of 15 or 16 (varies between states). About 72 per cent of school children are educated in government schools.
In 1994, there were more than 2.2 million children at government schools and another 884,000 were in the private system. Australia has 42 higher education institutions. In 1995, there were about 356 000 full time students, and 248,000 in part time and external studies.
Australia's public health services are two tiered: private medical practitioners provide primary care and hospital systems ( public and private ) provide comprehensive services. A universal health insurance scheme, Medicare, gives Australian residents protection against hospital costs (excluding private patients), and medical and eye care. This is partly funded by a levy on taxable incomes.
Short stay visitors to Australia must pay for all medical and hospital treatment. Private insurance is available. Visitors from countries with reciprocal health care agreements ( Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and the UK) are covered by Medicare. Foreign students in Australia on sponsored studies also have cover, but those paying full fees must pay an advance premium.
Taxes are levied without duplication at federal, state and local government levels. Employers deduct income tax from earnings (the pay as you earn system). Adjustments are made after the close of the financial year (30 June). Australian residents with overseas incomes are assessed, but not double taxed.
The Reserve Bank of Australia is the central bank, and there are more than 30 commercial groups. The national fiscal structure has undergone considerable change since the Government deregulated financial markets and floated the exchange rate in the 1980s. Almost all borrowing, lending and interest controls on the banking system have been removed. A number of foreign banks operate under licence in Australia, some in joint venture with local partners. In the past 10 years foreign investment guide lines have been liberalised.
Australia's vast distances and sparse inland population have been major challenges in the development of efficient transportation, railway, shipping, aviation and communications. The following provides information on national infrastructure.
Roads
More than ten million vehicles use Australia's roads. More than 80 per cent of all transportation is performed by 20 per cent of the road network including the 18,500 km national highway. More than 70 per cent of all goods are moved by road.
Railways
Australia has a rail network estimated at 35,732 km. Australia's rail reform strategy focuses on the establishment of the National Rail Corporation and a substantial program of rail investments, funded under the Australian Land T...

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