Term Papers on Astronauts

Term Paper Title	Astronauts
# of Words	1047
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	4.19

Astronauts

         The Astronauts, the only people who have had the wonderful chance to step outside this atmosphere. Astronauts conduct experiments and gather information for anything from finding out how other living creatures survive in space to seeing how the human body can handle zero-g conditions. Astronauts must undergo training in order to perform one of the most dangerous jobs due to the fact that in space there is no 911.
     Robert H. Goddard and Hermann Oberth are recognized as the fathers of space flight. Goddard built and tested rocket fuel and motors. Oberth published a book, The Rocket into Interplanetary Space in 1932, which discussed problems in space and he also described how a spaceship would look.
     Not until 1940, due to World War II, space flights were almost reality. At that time, the United States conducted many experiments concerning space travel. They studied weightlessness and predicted complications due to long term exposure. Other experiments included the amount of oxygen needed, types of food, clothing, and temperature controls needed (Crossgrove, 165).
     In 1961, the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, was sent up by the Soviet Union. In response the United States launched an independent government agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA, to develop a space program (Crossgrove, 165). Then the war was on between the Soviet Union and the United States to send the first crew to the moon. NASA won the war when Neil Armstrong, in 1969, became the first man on the moon.
     The nature of this job changes due to the advances in technology and needs that the government may have. Most space flights are used to do experiments but some are used to launch satellites while others repair them. Some of the most current experiments include the testing of new engineering techniques that may be used in an upcoming permanent space station for the United States that will be used to manufacture such things as ball bearings which are easier to manufacture in space and as a refueling station for other ships.
     The basic shuttle crew is made up of at least five people: the commander, the pilot, and three mission specialists and sometimes a payload specialist. Mission specialists are exactly what they say, special personnel to tailor to that mission's requirements. The mission specialists may range from engineers, technicians, physicians, astronomers, meteorologists, or biologists. The commander is in charge of the mission, fling the orbiter, supervising the crew, the operation of the spacecraft and is responsible for the safety and success of the mission. Pilots fly the space craft and fly or maneuver any other object they may need. The payload specialists may not be actual NASA astronauts but are skilled in the usage of the cargo on board.
     There are many requirements that you have to pass extraordinarily to become an astronaut. First candidates must be jet pilots with a lot of flying hours and experience. Because of this requirement it is rare that an astronaut comes from somewhere other than the military. Each astronaut must pass grueling physical tests one being to withstand many times their body weight in a speci...

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