Term Papers on The Enviromnetal Degradation As A Result Of Overpopulation

Term Paper Title	The Enviromnetal Degradation As A Result Of Overpopulation
# of Words	3186
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	12.74

The Enviromnetal Degradation as a Result of Overpopulation

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Introduction
     There are simply too many people on our planet, and the population is not showing any signs of
slowing down(see Figure 1).  It is having disastrous effects on our environment.  There are too many
implications  and interrelationships to discuss in this paper, but the three substances that our earth
consists of: land, water and air, are being destroyed.  Our forests are being cut down at an alarming
rate, bearing enormous impacts on the health of earth.  Our oceans and seas are being polluted and
overfished.  Our atmosphere  is injected with increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, which hurts the
entire planet.  All of these problems can be traced to our vast, rapidly expanding population, which has
stressed our world far too greatly.

Our Population
     In 1994, the world population was 5 602 800 000.  This population had a doubling time of only
forty-one years (De Blij and Muller, 1994, p.527).  The massive amount of people has had highly
destructive impacts on the earth’s environment.  These impacts occur on two levels: global and local.  On
the global level, there is the accumulation  of green house gases that deplete the ozone layer, the
extinction of species, and a global food shortage.  On the local level, there is erosion of soils (and
the loss of vegetation), the depletion of water supply, and toxification of the air and water.  The earth
is dynamic though, all of these aspects are interrelated, and no one impact  is completely isolated.  All
of these destructive elements can be traced to our enormous population.  As the population increases, so
do all of the economic, social, and technological impacts.
     The concept of momentum of population growth is one that must be considered.  It states that
areas with traditionally high fertility rates will have a very young structure age.  Thus, a decrease in
the fertility rate will still result in a greater  absolute number of births,
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as there are more potential mothers.  Populations are very slow in adjusting to decreases in fertility
rates.   This is especially frightening when considering that South Asia has a population of 1 204 600
000 (and a doubling time of thirty two years), Subsaharan Africa has 528 000 000 (doubling time:  thirty
one years), and North Africa/Southwest Asia has 448 100 000 (doubling time: twenty seven years) (De Blij
and Muller, 1994, p. 529-531)and all of these areas have traditionally high fertility rates.
     Although third world countries do have a far larger population than industrialized nations, and
the trend is constantly increasing, their populations should not bear the responsibility for our
population-enduced   degrading environment.  The impact we make on the biosphere  is sometimes expressed
mathematically by ecological economists as   I = PAT.  I being impact, P population, A affluence
(consumption) , and T technology (environmentally bad technology)(Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1990, p.24).
Concern regarding population increases often focuses on the third world, since it is there that growth is
exponential.  Yet, it is necessary to recognize that people are by no means equal or identical in their
consumption, and thus their impact  on the environment  (see Map 2).


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Our Forests
“The sky is held up by the trees.  If the forest disappears the sky, which is the roof of the world
collapses.  Nature and man perish together.”
                         - Amerindian  legend
     Forests are a precious link in the life systems of our planet.  They  are a part of these vital
ecosystem services without which earth would not have been habitable by the human species in the first
place and would certainly have become inhabitable again.  Forests have crucial roles in the carbon,
nitrogen, and oxygen cycles that nourish and sustain life on earth.  They protect the watersheds that
support farming and influence climate and rainfall(Lindahl-Kiessling, 1994, p.167)....

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