Term Papers on BIOMECHANICS OF THE WRIST SHOT

Term Paper Title	BIOMECHANICS OF THE WRIST SHOT
# of Words	1523
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	6.09

BIOMECHANICS OF THE WRIST SHOT

WHEEL AND AXLE
     *Muscles causing a body part to rotate around an axis
     *In the floor hockey wrist shot the serrape affect is used to rotate the body around
       the spine which acts as a vertical axis.

PULLEY
     *Change in direction of a muscle providing leverage
     *The peroneus brevis and peroneus longus run down the fibula and change
       direction around the maleoli and attach in the metatarsal region.  This action
       causes plantar flexion when pushing off for the step.

LEVERS
     *Consist of a force, a resistance, and an axis.  The body contains mainly third
       class levers which are built for speed rather than power.
     *A first class lever comes into play in the left arm.  The arm is extended so the
       tricep is flexed.  The axis lies in between the force and resistance at the elbow.
       The force is in the olecraneon process, and the resistance lies in the hand where
       The stick is being held.
     *A second class lever comes into play during the step when the foot is pushing
       off the floor.  The resistance lies in between the axis and force in the foot.  The
       axis lies at the ball of the foot, and the force lies in the heel as the gastrocs are
       being flexed.
     *A third class lever comes into play with the hamstrings in the push and slide
       motion which provides slight knee flexion.  The axis is in knee joint, the force
       lies in between the axis and the resistance.  For this lever, the force is applied
       where the muscle attaches to the bone being moved, which in this case is the
       tibia.  The resistance runs from the point of attachment away from the axis.  In
       this case the resistance is the lower tibia and the foot.

SPEED vs. POWER
     *Class 3 levers are built for speed rather than power, therefore, the body is built
       for speed rather than power.
     *In this situation when the muscles are stretched they have more physiological
       advantage and when the muscles become contracted and shorter they have a
       higher mechanical advantage.

SHUNT vs. SPURT
     *Shunt is the fixation pulling against the joint and spurt is the rotation around the
       joint.
     *In this situation the right arm is at a 90 degree angle, therefore, shunt is zero and
       spurt is 90 degrees.

CENTER OF GRAVITY
     *The point where all of the body's weight is equally distributed around a point of
       intersection in the horizontal, lateral, and anterior posterior plane.
     *The center of gravity for the wrist shot is shifted forward because the body wants
       to push in that direction.

NEWTON'S THREE LAWS
     *Acceleration: The amount of force added or decreased from the athlete will
                 determine their acceleration.
               *The more force you add to the hockey stick the harder and faster
                 the shot will be.

     *Inertia: An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends
              to stay at rest unless an outside force is applied.
            *The puck will stay in one position until the player hits the puck with the
              strike, and the puck will stay in motion until gravity and resistance work
              against the puck and slow it down.

     *Action/Reaction: For every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction.
                     *When the puck is struck it will move in one direction until
                        resistance and gravity act upon it and slow it down.

FOUR DESCRIPTORS OF A FORCE
     *Magnitude: The measurable amount of force
                   *In order for the puck to go faster, the force on the stick must be
                     increased.

     *Direction: The direction of the force on an object can only be found through a
                   push or pull.
                 *The force on the puck is done in the direction of a push.

     *Point of Application: Where the force is being applied, for the most efficiency
                       the force should be in line with the center of gravity.

     *Action Line: The line drawn from the point of application through the center of
                gravity.

FORCE SYSTEMS IN THE WRIST SHOT
     *Linear: System which incorporates more than one...

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