Term Papers on Civilizations

Term Paper Title	Civilizations
# of Words	912
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.65

Civilizations

It was 3 milleniums BC that the first civilizations started to develop in the ancient orient (ancient Near East), Mesopotamia and Egypt. There were other great civilizations that were developing at about the same time like ancient China. These three civilizations were developed around river valleys. The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations both used religions and mystical beliefs to built their ethical views so did the Shang civilization of ancient China. These great civilizations were able to built cities monuments, laws, religions etc.

The Mesopotamian civilizations began to develop around the river valley of the Trigis and Euphrates what is now current Iraq. Its habitants were the sumerians these people were able to build their civilization thanks to the crops they were able to grow because of the proximity of the water. These people achieved a lot: They created monarchy, invented writing, they developed institutionalized religion, for the first time men were freed from the necessity of raising their own food or hunting for it. They developed metal weapons and tools architecture and mathematics. Basically they created easier methods of social evolution. With all this advancement new problems and questions surfaced so they had to organize their rules, laws, politics etc. know ethical questions became a part of there society. All these things helped us and many other societies develop their own societies.

The mesotopians tried to use religion to understand life and it’s many questions. But the sumerians were a pessimist and insecure nation because they believe that the gods had created mankind to slave for them; they lived in the expectation of disaster. Before taking any decision they would consult the gods. The temple was the heart and sole of the cities and an ethical man was to limit himself on a less complete restraint. Still some materials seem to indicate that Mesopotamia was organized politically along democratic lines. Its seems public affairs were handled by a council were sovereignty resided of elders and free adult men of the community. This assembly settled conflicts arising in the community; they took decision on major issues like war but it did not last long, not long after decision making was put in the hand of one man the “lugal” all because they wanted someone to make quicker decisions. These efforts to make ethical decisions helped them build a better society (Moscati, 20).

In about the same period, the Egyptians, who are known for their trademark pyramids were developing their own civilization in the valley of the well-known Nile. The Nile is a very important river in Africa without it Egypt would be nothing but a dry desert. It flows from Central Africa to th...

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