Term Papers on Confucianism And Ancient Chinese Society: A Closer Look

Term Paper Title	Confucianism And Ancient Chinese Society: A Closer Look
# of Words	1712
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	6.85

Confucianism and Ancient Chinese Society: A Closer Look

Jason Lee Allen

     Confucianism was apparent in ancient Chinese culture in many ways. It was, in fact, the dominant force in shaping and defining many relationships in ancient china, such as between state and citizen, parent and child,  and so forth. It also had the distinction of forming the basis of the Chinese Civil Service examination system, which was the first of its kind in the world  and lasted two millennia.
     Confucianism  was a traditionalist philosophy embodied not just the  literal words of Confucius, as transcribed  by his students in the Confucian Analects.  It also included  the works of his followers such as Mencius and  later other Confucian  texts. It emphasized  "proper" behavior for people and carefully spelled out what was expected of certain  relationships. It directed nearly every aspect of Chinese culture in some respect, with the major exception of  religion. It did not address the question of a God,  focusing  more "on the here and now." This left  room for religious expansions into china, which is a way of affecting Chinese society on a large scale.  On the smaller scale it governed the way a child would be responsible to a  parent,  allotted  specific times spans for mourning, and other familial responsibilities.
     Responsibility to family was  one of the most important obligations a person in Chinese society had.  Filial responsibility, to one’s parents, was the most important of these. Filial piety, the respect for, obedience to, caring for of one’s parents  was tantamount in Chinese society.  A son would be expected to care for his parents in  their old age. This was accomplished by having an extended family, one where several generations lived together.  He would also have to obey and respect his  parents, even after death, with mourning and ancester worship. Confucianism had   specifically alloted times for mourning and special rituals prescribed for ancestor worship,  where valuablew meats and wines were offered to the spirits of the departed forebears.  Parents also had responsibliities  to their children, such as  to provide for and protect their children.  This filial system for families was also extended to other dominant / subordinate relationships as well, such as between an emporer and his subjects, a master and a scholar, a husband and a wife, and a high minister and a lower one, to name a few.

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Vrettos
Lit & Medicine

"What the hell is wrong with this Guy?"



Vrettos
English 150
"Do we see the hundred-thousandth part of what exists? Look here; there is the wind, which is the strongest force in nature. It knocks down men, and blows down buildings, uproots trees, raises the sea into mountains of water, destroys cliffs and casts great ships on to the breakers; it kills, it whistles, it sighs, it roars. But have you ever seen it, and can you see it? Yet it exists for all that." - The Monk

     Many things that once seemed mythical and mystic are now commonplace and easily explained by science and reasoning.  Lightning, once thought to be a weapon of the gods, is now understood as a product of friction between  cloud and earth. Physical disease, once believed to be a punishment from God, is now elucidated by science as  being caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses.  Science gives us a power to explain why things happen to us. The narrator in Maupassant’s, "The Horla," applies science, or at least his interpretation of science, to explain his mental disease, his madness.  His misuse of science causes him to believe he is sane when he is not, so instead of seeking treatment he tries to ‘cure’ himself, leading to the tragedy at the end. This bad science is not primarily a result of bad methods or unsound reasoning. Rather it results from  the narrator himself being the subject, questioning his  own sanity.  Being possibly unfit, data coming from him is not nessacarily reliable. Thus this data cannot be used, as the conclusions drawn from it would be similarly unreliab...

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