Term Papers on Artificial Intelligence

Term Paper Title	Artificial Intelligence
# of Words	798
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.19

Artificial Intelligence

     The term Artificial Intelligence comes to mind when thinking about Computer Science, but what does it really mean?   Artificial Intelligence is an interdisciplinary field that includes computer science, physiology, and philosophy.  The combination of natural language (speaking like a human), to recognizing complex patterns in handwriting is one of the main goals most artificial intelligence scientist hope to achieve.  Artificial intelligence was first coined in 1956 in a Dartmouth University Conference on technology.  John McCarthy considered to be the “Father of Artificial Intelligence”, organized this conference to bring together scientist with interest in machine intelligence (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). Artificial intelligence has been on the experimental end of Computer Science sense this groundbreaking conference.
     One of the most fascinating areas in Artificial intelligence is Neural Networks.  A neural network is a digitized model of the human brain simulated in the binary memory of a computer system (Garis).  There are many properties that make up the neural network in relation to the modern computer.  Neural networks have properties which are used for feature extraction, association, optimization, functions, and modeling (Gurney and Wright).  There are just as many, if not more properties of neural networks in relation to the brain that need to be understood by scientist.
      Neuroscientist and psychologists believe, if computer models can be engineered to the level as a human brain, then questions about the neural make up of the gray matter in the brains of humans could be answered (Gurney and Wright).    Although many of the characteristics of the human brain remain unknown, its’ the complex network of neurons which give humans intelligent qualities.  A neuron alone does not signify intelligence but, when grouped together with electrical signals, passing through the brain it becomes similar to a computers digital networking (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess).  The fundamentals of how neural networks make the brain function, was proposed by two mathematicians named Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts. Their hypothesis was based on experiments with neurons and that they might be considered devices for processing binary numbers (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess).  Binary numbers were represented as 1’s and 0’s and were important mathematical and computational process for inputting and outputting data. This link alone was the basis for computer-simulated neural networks.  McCulloch and Pitts used principles based on George Boole’s postulates concerning how the brain makes true/false decisions.  This produced Boolean algebra and...

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