Term Papers on THE CIVIL WAR

Term Paper Title	THE CIVIL WAR
# of Words	1368
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	5.47

THE CIVIL WAR

Nathan Guenin
10-9-98
Pd. 7

SECTION I

The Civil War took place between the years of 1861 and 1865.  In 1862, Abraham Lincoln, a republican, was the President of the United States of America.  His right hand man at Vice President was Hannibal Hamlin.  The Secretary of War was Edwin M. Stanton, while Nathan Clifford was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.  Over in England, Queen Victoria sat at the head of the throne.
SECTION II
Andersonville Prison was a military stockade of the Confederate army during the Civil War used to trap soldiers of the Union army.  It was established in February of 1864 near Andersonville, Georgia.  The prison was hastily established with no adequate preparations made for housing the jailed.  There was no supply of barracks, cooked food, clothing, or medical care for the inmates.  Bad sanitary conditions along with overcrowding caused the soldiers to be exposed to respiratory diseases, diarrhea, and scurvy.  The inept medical staff could not deal with the predicament, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 14,000 of the 30,000 captives.  In 1970, the prison and cemetery were declared a national historic site.
On November 19, 1863, in the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States President Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most famous speeches in the history of mankind: the Gettysburg Address.  The address was presented at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, honoring those who died in the Battle of Gettysburg earlier that year during the Civil War.  There are many stories behind the writing of the Gettysburg Address.  The most popular version states that Lincoln wrote it on the back of a used envelope.  Actually, President Lincoln wrote two drafts of the brief speech and made some editing to the text as he spoke.  He subsequently wrote copies of the actual address that he presented.
Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War.  The proclamation declared all slaves free.  Lincoln was being urged by both the public people and abolitionists to free the slaves.  However, he moved slowly and cautiously, gradually making progress until the final proclamation was put into effect, conferring liberty on about 3,120,000 slaves.  As a result of the proclamation, the Republican Party became unified in principle and in organization, and the prestige it attained enabled it to hold power until 1884.  Further more, historians regard the Emancipation Proclamation as one of the greatest state documents in the United States.
SECTION III
The Battle of Bull Run was actually two separate battles that took place a little over a year apart.  They took place in Virginia near the small stream of Bull Run, which is located about 30 miles southwest of Washington, D.C.  The first battle took place on July 21, 1861 and was the earliest important engagement of the war.  Both armies were ill trained for war, but public pressure from the North led to a Union march toward the Confederate capital at Richmond.  The Union troops, under the command of General Irvin McDowell, encountered the Confederates, lead by General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, who were coming from their base at Manassas.  The five-hour battle began with a Union assault that caused the Confederates to retreat to Henry House Hill.  This is where General Thomas Jonathan Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall” by holding back the Union forces until 9,000 reinforcements arrived.  The combined force of Confederates easily routed the Union army.  This battle changed the status from a conflict to a civil war.
The Second Battle of Bull Run, which was also called the Battle of Manassas, was fought on the days of August 29 and 30 of 1862.  In preparing an assault on Richmond, the North planned to unite the armies of General George Brinton McClellan and General John Pope.  Pope and his men were driven north by General Robert E. Lee.  While Pope was preoccupied with Lee, Stonewall Jackson approached Pope’s forces from the rear.  The first day of battle...

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