Term Papers on Genetic Engineering History

Term Paper Title	Genetic Engineering History
# of Words	607
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2.43

                                           Genetic Engineering History

            You would think that Genetic Engineering began recently, but it dates back to the 1800's with Charles Darwin’ s Theory of Evolution. His theory includes the five points of natural selection:

1. Variation in Populations

Many variations are inherited from parents to their offspring.

2. Some Variations are Favorable

Variations are favorable when they improve the organism's ability to function and reproduce in its own particular environment.

3. More Offspring than can Survive

Disease, starvation, or killed by a predator.

4. Those Who Survive and Reproduce are More Favorable

Those who survive and reproduce are more favorable.

5. Over Time Changes Occur, Populations Change

Organisms Evolve

            Also in the 1800's, an Austrian biologist named Gregor Mendel discovered that there are two sets of chromosomes in each gene. In the chromosomes are the materials for inheritance. He also discovered that there are dominant and recessive genes. This became known as Mendelian Law and became the basis for modern genetics.

            In 1953, James Watson, an American scientist, and an English Physicist named Francis Crick, discovered that DNA was shaped like a double helix, and won the Noble Prize in 1962 for their work

1966 Genetic Code is cracked, now scientists can read the blueprints of all organisms

1977 First Genetic Engineering Company, Genetech,  manufactured medically important drugs

1981 Researchers create the first transgenic animal, scientists inserted a human viral gene into a mouse's DNA. Human diseases can now be studied in animals.

1984 Kary Mullis invents polymerase chain reaction.This was a new method for sequencing DNA, which speeds up genetic research. With this discovery came the technology to use DNA as a "fingerprint" in criminal investigations. Criminals were being identified by DNA samples.

February, 1...

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