Models Of Psychology

Term Paper Title	Models Of Psychology
# of Words	1297
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	5.19

Models of Psychology

Biological � views human behavior in biological concepts (inheritance, genes, stress, hormones)

Psychodynamic (Freud) � behavior is brought about by unconscious inner forces � uncontrollable

Cognitive � how people understand and think about external world (Structuralism & Functionalism) mental activities

Behaviors � Observable behavior should be the focus. (J.B. Watson)

Humanistic � Free will, facilitate human beings

Psychology-Scientific study of human behavior and mental process

Counseling Psychology-Focuses on patterns of normal behavior (Career, parenting, Childhood)

Industrial Psychology-Work related, organizations

Consumer Psychology � Buying habits of individuals (advertisement)

Social Psychology � how people�s actions are effected by others

Structuralism �study of the structure of the conscious mind

Functionalism � school of psychology, emphasizing the study of how mind and behavior enable an individual to adapt to a changing environment

Gestalt -- An organized whole, gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into wholes

Introspection � Look inwards, report inner experiences and sensations

Theories � Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organize and predict behavior

Hypothesis -- an assumption an interpretation tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences the antecedent clause of a conditional statement.

Research � a careful search, collection of information

Coe relational research � statistical measure of relationship

Negative correlation � equally predictive � indicates an inverse relationship

Experiment- a research method in which the investigator manipulates one or more factors, to observe effect.

Sensations�process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Experimental Manipulation

Variable � an event or condition which can have different values, ideally in experiments an event or condition which can be measured and varies quantatively

Control Group - the group in an experiment which are equivalent to the experimental group, but which do not receive the independent variable

Independent Variable � the experimental factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effects are being studied

Dependant Variable � the experimental factor, in psychology the behavioral or mental process, that is being measured the variable that may change in response to manipulations to the independent variable

Perception � selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Psychophysics � study of relationship between characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity and our psychological experience of them

Absolute � the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus

Threshold�level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Noise � undesired sound

Difference Threshold � classical conditioning the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Figure/Ground relationship

Grouping (laws) � perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Depth Perception (cues of depth perception)

Illusions � perceptions that do not agree with other more trustworthy perceptions

Learning � a relatively permanent change in an organism�s behavior due to experience

Conditioning � process of learning associations PAVLOV

Operant Conditioning - we learn to associate a response and its consequence (Button, Vending Machine) behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment

Classical Conditioning � We learn to associate two stimuli (Lightning, Thunder)

Extinction � diminishing of a conditioned response, occurs in classical conditioning when an UCS does not ...

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