Term Papers on World War I

Term Paper Title	World War I
# of Words	1153
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	4.61

World War I

During World War One, the role of airplanes and how they
were used changed greatly. At first planes were only used
for sport, but people started realize that not only could
airplanes be useful but they could even influence an outcome
of the war greatly. Soon the war was filled with blimps,
planes, and tethered balloons. By the end of the war, planes
became a symbol of fear, but they were not always treated
with such respect. In the time leading up to the war, the
general feeling about planes was, they were a sneaky, unfair
tactic that should not be used in warfare. During The 1899
Hague Peace Conference it was put on record that the
dropping or shooting of any projectiles or explosives from
the air during a time of war was forbidden and was
considered a crime of war. It was also decided that airplanes
could only be used for reconnaissance or spying missions.
(Villard-227) “The airplane may be all very well for sport,
but for the army it is useless” (Quoted in Villard-227) Even
by the beginning of the war in 1912, the use of planes in war
was still prohibited by the War Office. Shortly thereafter this
changed, people awakened to the possibilities of air warfare.
The world soon started to realize the effectiveness of planes
in war and how the control of the skies could influence the
outcome. Although the French were the first to have a
working, conscripting air force and to license fliers, their trust
in airplanes still was not up to par. Their lack of trust was
justified, for the planes had no armaments, too many wires,
and no reliable motor. (Villard-228) Soon all countries in the
war effort had their own little air force, built hangers, and
started to train pilots. The first bombing occurred in
November 1911. Although the first bomb was dropped by
the Italians, soon all countries were involved in bombing
raids. (Villard-229) It was followed by the first aerial
dogfight in 1912. This consisted of a primitive exchange of
pistol fire between British and German planes . (Harvey-95)
The first flying experience for the United States occurred in
1862, during the Civil War. General McClellan went into
battle against the South with a balloon corps floated by
hydrogen and pulled by four horses. (Saga-51) Literary
fiction started to breed ideas about the use of planes in
warfare. The most famous writer to explore the idea was
H.G. Wells. He wrote The War In The Air, a book about
the future in which battle is conducted with planes.
(Wohl-70). In Germany, literary fiction preceded the actual
development of warfare in the air. Rudolph Martin was a
writer who predicted that the German’s future was not on
the sea, but in the air. He also believed that further
development in aviation would kill the importance of distance
and help to lead toward the German unification of the world.
(Wohl-81) Martin’s novel helped to prepare the Germans
for their use of planes in the war. The fiction soon became
scientific fact. (Wohl-71) The United States, ultimately was
slower than France and Germany to develop an air force.
On March 3, 1911, Congress appropriated $125,000 to
start an air force, which consisted of five planes. The first
squadron was organized by the Americans on March 5,
1913, in Texas City. It consisted of nine planes. Although
the United States entered the war in 1917, it did not use
planes in the war at that time. (Villard-231) U.S. pilots had
little or no experience in “cross-country navigation.” They
did not have good maps and sometimes they became lost,
ran out of fuel and woul...

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