Term Papers on Modern European History

Term Paper Title	Modern European History
# of Words	905
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.62

Modern European History

These are essay question for History. Question are already written out for you convenience. Copyrighted by George Smith.

     Modern European History

1. What did Paul Valery mean in saying that the mind of Europe doubted itself

profoundly?

     Before 1914, people in Europe believed in progress, peace, prosperity, reason,

and rights of individuals. During that time, people began to believe in the

Enlightenment, industrial developments were just starting and scientific advances

began to take place. People then really believed in progression and further

developments.

     Unfortunately, World War I broke out. Nevertheless, the optimistic people of

Europe still did not doubt the outcome and were so convinced that it was not going to

have any long term effects. They looked toward happier times and hoped life will go

back to where it was before. But little did they know, as a result of the war, total war

broke out and crushed all the hopes and accomplishments that the people had

established. This shocking reality was unbearable and uncomprehending to the

people's hopes and dreams. And as this lasted over the years, the age of anxiety was

created. People didn't know or what to expect anymore. They did not know what was

going to happen after the war. They're so devastated by the war that many who were

still alive lost faith and all hopes. Many intellectuals began to doubt the

Enlightenment and even the future of Western civilization. This state of uncertainty

and unpredictability brought out many modern philosophers of that time. One of them

was a French poet and critic Paul Valery. He stated that "Europe was looking at its
future with dark foreboding." In his writings, he said that "The storm has died away,

and still we are restless, uneasy, as if the storm were about to break." The storm in

this case was the war. People were so terrified by it that they were still in shock and

unsure of its outcome and consequence and the possibility that it might cause another

war to break out. Valery saw that many people suffered from anxiety. He argued that

the people looked at the future with great unease and discomfort for what the war had

done and what the war will cause. He also suggested that "Europe doubted itself

profoundly" because of all the lost of all optimistic ideas and accomplishments.

People did not have to strength or will to believe in themselves anymore. They were

too devastated by the war. They also saw no hope and thus doubted themselves for

making any more progress.

2. Why do you think many veterans felt that they were part of a lost generation?

     Veterans during the war were just realizing what the war...

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