Term Papers on Korean War

Term Paper Title	Korean War
# of Words	1261
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	5.04

Korean war

On July 1, part of the U.S. Army 24th Infantry Division flew from Japan to
Pusan, a city located at the southern tip of Korea. They were the first American
troops to reach Korea and other troops from other UN nations began arriving in
Korea shortly after the Americans.

On July 8, with the approval of the UN Security Council, Truman named General
MacArthur commander in chief of the United Nations Command. The command had
authority over all the Allies- South Koreans, Americans and the troops from
other UN countries. MacArthur directed allied operations from his headquarters
in Tokyo, Japan.

By August 2nd, the Communists had already captured the cities Seoul and
Taejon and pushed the Allies back to the Pusan Perimeter. The Pusan Perimeter
was a battle line in the southeast corner of South Korea. The victory had almost
gone to North Korea but through the help of reinforcements, the allies were able
to fight off the North Koreans in the advance. The North Koreans lost about
58,000 soldiers and much equipment in this area alone.

The decisive point that changed the course of the war was the Inchon landing.
On Sept. 15, 1950, marines and soldiers of the U.S. X Corps sailed from Japan to
Inchon, on the northwest coast of South Korea. General MacArthur personally
directed the surprise attack. It required extreme careful planning because the
tides at Inchon vary more than 30 feet. Each boat had to land at high tide
because any boat near the shore when the tide dropped would be trapped in the
mud. The troops who landed at Inchon cut off the North Koreans in the Pusan
Perimeter area from those north of Inchon. They fought fiercely and managed to
drive the North Koreans out. The troops then moved toward Seoul and took back
Seoul on September 26. MacArthur demanded surrender by the North Koreans but
they stubbornly rejected it.

Late in September, the Allies prepared to invade North Korea. South Korean
troops crossed into North Korea on October 1st and captured many coastal cities.
When the North Koreans were driven all the way back to the borders of China,
China warned against further advances toward its border. But General MacArthur,
hoping to end the war before winter set in, ordered the Allies to press on.

MacArthur and political leaders in Washington underestimated the size of the
Chinese armies. MacArthur believed the Allied forces outnumbered the Chinese and
that the Chinese would be used for defense only. He also thought that Allied air
power could prevent additional Chinese troops from entering North Korea. Allied
planes roamed the length of Korea, and Allied warships sailed unchallenged along
the coastlines, bombarding enemy ports. Everyone had confidence that the war
would be over by Christmas.

But hopes for a quick end to the war soon disappeared. China sent a huge
force against the Allies on November 26 and 27 and forced them to retreat.
Allies began to retreat starting on December 4 and by Christmas Eve, 105,000
U.S. and Korean troops, 91,000 refugees, and 17,500 vehicles had been evacuated
by sea from North Korea.

By March 14, the war had changed. The two sides dug in along a battle line
north of the 38th parallel and most of the battles were concentrated in these
areas. Truce talks began in July, but fighting continued for two more years.
Neither side made important advances, but they fought many bitter battles for
strategic positions.

One of the most controversial events of the war took place on April 11, 1951,
when President Truman removed General MacArthur from command and replaced him
with Ridgway. The President’s action resulted from a continuing dispute
between MacArthur and defense leaders in Washington as to how the Allies should
conduct the war. MacArthur wanted total victory by bombing bases in Manchuria,
China and use “all-out-measures.” Truman fearing such actions might lead to
a third World war, dismissed MacArthur as UN commander.

Many people were growing weary by this war and peace talks increased. Truce
talks began on ...

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