Term Papers on The Application Of Science To Engineering

Term Paper Title	The Application Of Science To Engineering
# of Words	833
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.33

The Application of Science to Engineering

     Improvements in engineering are very important to the industrialization
and prosperity of a country.  Although engineering improvements sometimes come
through trial and error they are most often achieved by applying pure science
and mathematics to engineering.  Canadian engineering was improved a great deal
in this manner.  The engineering associated with building materials and long
distance communication, two of Canada's most important industries, was improved
through the application of pure science.
     One of the most important scientific discoveries of all time was the law
of electromagnetic induction discovered by an englishman, Micheal Faraday, in
1831.  This discovery was applied to mechanical generation of electricity which
made tremendous improvements to communications throughout Canada.  The electric
telegraph, first discovered in 1837 by Samuel Morse, was a great improvement
over the mechanical telegraph which required the use of a telescope and was much
less effective.  It encodes messages electrically, transmits them over
facilities such as copper wire, coaxial cable, and fibre optics to their
destination where they are decoded into their original form.  Combinations of
long and short bursts of electric current are sent through a circuit thereby
encoding each letter of the alphabet.  More efficient transmission facilities
were developed as the mining industry developed.  The discovery of electricity
sped up the development of mining through electric lighting and better machinery
and ventilation, which led to better materials for wires and cables.  Telegraph
lines were set up along the CPR in 1885 as a convenient root, but also to relay
information about the position of each train along the track to avoid collisions.
The telegraph was also the main source of information for newspapers.
     Like the telegraph, the telephone wouldn't have been possible without
the discovery of electricity.  The telephone was discovered by Alexander Graham
Bell in 1876 and is much more advanced than the telegraph.  It encodes
variations in sound waves into variations of electric waves through vibrations
of a diaphragm which are then transmitted.  Electromagnets are used to send
these vibrations through a cable, which are received on the other end by another
diaphragm. For it's first few years the telephone was for public use only ( for
calling fire stations, doctors…).  A central exchange system was then set up and
wealthy people began to gain access. The telephone quickly became essential in
unifying and further developing the country.
     In the construction industry there were several huge advances in the
technology of building materials.  Two related materials with similar methods of
production are cement and bricks.  Cement production in Canada began in 1889 in
Hull, Quebec.  Portland cement was the principle type...

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