Internet History

Term Paper Title	Internet History
# of Words	828
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.31

Internet History

History of The Internet
           The Internet is a worldwide connection of
thousands of computer
           networks. All of them speak the same
language, TCP/IP, the standard
           protocol. The Internet allows people with
access to these networks to share
           information and knowledge. Resources
available on the Internet are chat
           groups, e-mail, newsgroups, file transfers,
and the World Wide Web. The
           Internet has no centralized authority and
it is uncensored. The Internet
           belongs to everyone and to no one.

           The Internet is structured in a hierarchy.
At the top, each country
           has at least one public backbone network.
Backbone networks are made of
           high speed lines that connect to other
backbones. There are thousands of
           service providers and networks that connect
home or college users to the
           backbone networks. Today, there are more
than fifty-thousand networks in
           more than one-hundred countries worldwide.
However, it all started with one
           network.

           In the early 1960's the Cold War was
escalating and the United States
           Government was faced with a problem. How
could the country communicate
           after a nuclear war? The Pentagon's
Advanced Research Projects Agency,
           ARPA, had a solution. They would create a
non-centralized network that
           linked from city to city, and base to base.
The network was designed to
           function when parts of it were destroyed.
The network could not have a
           center because it would be a primary target
for enemies. In 1969, ARPANET
           was created, named after its original
Pentagon sponsor. There were four
           supercomputer stations, called nodes, on
this high speed network.

           ARPANET grew during the 1970's as more and
more supercomputer stations
           were added. The users of ARPANET had
changed the high speed network to an
           electronic post office. Scientists and
researchers used ARPANET to
           collaborate on projects and to trade notes.
Eventually, people used ARPANET
           for leisure activities such as chatting.
Soon after, the mailing list was
           developed. Mailing lists were discussion
groups of people who would send
           their messages via e-mail to a group
address, and also receive messages.

           This could be done twenty-four hours a day.
Interestingly, the first
           group's topic was called Science Fiction
Lovers.

           As ARPANET became larger, a more
sophisticated and standard protocol
           was needed. The protocol would have to link
users from other small networks
           to ARPANET, the main network. The standard
protocol invented in 1977 was
           called TCP/IP. Because of TCP/IP,
connecting to ARPANET by any other
           network was made possible. In 1983, the
military portion of ARPANET broke
           off and formed MILNET. The same year,
TCP/IP was made a standard and it was
           being ...

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