Term Papers on Text And Traditions: Work Requirement One Historical Reconstruction

Term Paper Title	Text And Traditions: Work Requirement One Historical Reconstruction
# of Words	2322
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	9.29

Text and Traditions: Work Requirement One Historical Reconstruction

Major events in Jewish history to the first century AD

     1250 BC             Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans.
     931 BC              Divided Kingdoms.
     721 BC              Fall of Samaria.
     587 BC              Fall of Jerusalem, Babylonian captivity.
     333 BC              Jews under Hellenistic rule.
     63 BC               Jews under Roman rule.
     70 AD               Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans.

Major events between 50 BC - 100 AD

     63 BC - 40 BC       Hyrcanus2 rules, but is subject to Rome.
     41 BC - 30 BC       Antony Caesar Roman Emperor.
     40 BC - 37 BC       Parathions conquer Jerusalem.
     38 BC - 4 BC        Herod rules as king. Subject to Rome.
     37 BC               Jerusalem besieged for 6 months.
     32 BC               Herod Defeated.
     31 BC - 14 AD       Caesar Augustus Roman Emperor.
     19 BC               Herod's Temple begun.
     16 BC               Herod visits Agrppa.
     4 BC                Herod dies; Archelaus succeeds.
     37 AD - 41 AD       Caliguta Roman Emperor.
     41 AD - 54 AD       Claudius Roman Emperor.
     54 AD - 68 AD       Nero Roman Emperor. The first persecutor of Christians.
     66 AD               Jews in Palestine tried to revolt. Were crushed by
                         Titus.
     69 AD - 79 AD       Vespasia Roman Emperor. He continued the persecution.
     70 AD               Jewish temple destroyed. Small part of the wall left
                         standing.
     79 AD               Titus Roman Emperor.

Detailed analysis of major Jewish groups of the time

Pharisees The Pharisees were a group of Jews, that believed strongly against the
adoption of Greek ways. They wanted to uphold and protect their fragile Jewish
culture, from the Greek influence that was flooding into Israel at the time.
They developed as haters of the tradition Greek ways, because of their customs
were related to idolatry and immorality. They joined up with a group know as the
Hasmoneans and proceeded to conduct a rebellion against the Greek. After gaining
religious freedom, they then separated from their new partners, and formed the
breakaway party, known today as the Pharisees (meaning ‘the separated'). They
had extreme power in the synagogue, and eventually turned it into the center of
the Jewish faith. This didn't last forever, as it was finally replaced by the
temple, erected by David.

Saducees The Sadducees (Sons of Zadok) seemed to be a group of  aristocratic
priestly families, that were powerful within the High Priesthood. They held a
monopoly over all the High Priesthood positions and were also powerful in the
Sanhedrin. They came across as being a very selfish group that retained their
rights and traditions, and also trying to stay on the good side of the Roman
Empire. Unlike the Pharisees, they were rigid and closed in sect, and not open
to change. When the Romans destroyed the temple, they disappeared and were never
heard from again.

Zealots The Zealots were a group of radical extremists, that were the cause of
many uprisings throughout their history, and eventually they lead a revolt
against the Romans in 66-73 AD. To stop this, the Roman Emperor destroyed the
third temple, which lead to the end of the uprising. This not only lead to their
downfall, but that of the Jews when they were crushed by Emperor Titus in 73 AD.

Qumrans/Essenes They were an important Jewish group in the community around the
time of Jesus. Although it wasn't until 150 BC until they emerged, they lived
their lives according to a strict set of beliefs and rules. To join the group a
three year probationary period was imposed to new comers. Members were bound to
keep secret the doctrines and practices. Its is believed that John the Baptist
was and Essene, and had high connections to their community. The discovery of
the Dead Sea Scrolls has shed a lot more light on the practices of the Essenes.
These discoveries have proved th...

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