Reproduction

Term Paper Title	Reproduction
# of Words	863
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.45

Reproduction

For some time she had watched his movements,
appearing coyly in his haunts. And now, had it
paid off? Doubtless, he was in love. His muscles
were taut; he swooped through the air more like
an eagle than a Greylag gander. The only problem
was, it was not for her that he then landed in a
flurry of quacks and wingbeats, or for her that he
dashed off surprise attacks on his fellows. It was,
rather, for another - for her preening rival across
the Bavarian lake. Poor goose. Will she mate with
the gander of her dreams? Or will she trail him for
years, laying infertile egg clutches as proof of her
faithfulness? Either outcome is possible in an
animal world marked daily by scenes of courtship,
spurning and love triumphant. And take note: these
are not the imaginings of some Disney screen-16
writer. Decades ago Konrad Lorenz, a famed
Austrian naturalist, made detailed studies of
Greylags and afterwards showed no hesitation in
using words like love, grief and even
embarrassment to describe the behavior of these
large, social birds. At the same time he did not
forget that all romance - animal and human - is tied
intimately to natural selection. Natural selection
brought on the evolution of males and females
during prehistoric epochs when environmental
change was making life difficult for single-sex
species such as bacteria and algae. Generally,
these reproduced by splitting into identical copies
of themselves. New generations were thus no
better than old ones at surviving in an altered
world. With the emergence of the sexes, however,
youngsters acquired the qualities of two parents.
This meant that they were different from both -
different and perhaps better at coping with tough
problems of survival. At the same time, nature had
to furnish a new set of instincts which would make
"parents" out of such unreflective entities as
mollusks and jellyfish.. The peacock's splendid
feathers, the firefly's flash, the humpback whale's
resounding bellow - all are means these animals
have evolved to obey nature's command: "Find a
mate. Transmit your characteristics through time!"
But while most males would accept indiscriminate
mating, females generally have more on their
minds. In most species, after all, they take on
reproduction's hardest chores such as carrying
young, incubating eggs and tending newborns.
Often they can produce only a few young in a
lifetime. (Given half a chance, most males would
spawn thousands.) So it's no surprising that the
ladies are choosy. They want to match their
characteristics with those of a successful mate. He
may flap his wings or join a hockey team, but
somehow he must show that his offspring will not
likely be last to eat or first in predatory jaws.
Strolling through the Australian underbrush that
morning, she had seen nothing that might catch a
female bowerbird's eye. True, several males along
the w...

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