Term Papers on Iron In Its Pure State Is Soft, Malleable And Ductile (that Can Be

Term Paper Title	Iron In Its Pure State Is Soft, Malleable And Ductile (that Can Be
# of Words	1012
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	4.05

Iron

     Iron in its pure state is soft, malleable and ductile (that can be
stretched, drawn or hammered thin without breaking ((Webster's Dictionary, 419,
1988)) with a hardness of 4-5.  It is easily magnetized at room temperatures and
this property disappears when heated above 790 degrees Celsius..  Metal iron
occurs in a free state in only a few localities, notably Greenland (Encarta,
1996).  One of the physical properties of iron as an ore is its color which can
be  black, brown or even reddish.  Hematite is the most important iron ore,
commonly occurs as "kidney ore" - so -called because of its shape (Symes, 1988,
56).  Other ores included goethite, magnetite, siderite, and bog iron (Encarta,
1996).  Even though iron is tough and hard it is still easy to work.  Iron is a
active metal and will combine with halogens, carbon, etc.  It has an atomic
weight 55.847, it's atomic number is 26, it's specific gravity is 7.86, it's
melting point is 1535 degrees Celsius, and it's boiling point is 3000 degrees
Celsius.  It burns in oxygen forming ferrous oxide.  When exposed to moist air,
iron becomes corroded, forming a reddish - brown, flaky, hydrated ferric oxide,
commonly known as rust. (Encarta, 1996)
     Iron is formed in shallow seas.  It  comes out of the water and collects
on the sea floor.  This creates an underwater deposit.  This process occurs over
billions of years.  Through plate movement the whole sea floor is eventually
moved up out of the water.  Once out of the water, the iron has formed a land
deposit.  The biggest iron deposit in the United States is in the Great Lakes.
Northern Minnesota is often called the Iron Range.  There are two ways iron
deposits are located.  In the first method  special machines that detects the
iron's magnetism are used ti find a deposit.  In the second method a plane with
special equipment flies over an area of land suspected of having ore deposits
and shoots down sound waves to determine if that area contains iron deposit.
The waves come back up to the plane and determined by the pattern one can tell
if there is an iron deposit.
     In the early 1990's annual production of iron ore in the United State
exceeded 56 million metric tons (Encarta, 1996).  There are two ways in which
iron is mined.  The two ways are open pit and shaft mining.  Open pit mining is
used 85% of the time for shallow deposits.  Open pit mining is also call strip
mining.  The way open pit mining works is the top soil is removed with a
bulldozer and the land is terraced downward.  Then the miners set off a large
blast which scattereds and loosens the ores.  Truckloads of ore are carried to
the surface.  As the pit gets deeper and deeper the expense increase and at some
point it is more economical to go to the second method of mining.   The second
method in which iron is mined is called shaft mining.  Shaft mining is usually
used for deep and concentrated iron deposits.  The way shaft mining works is
that a large machine crushes the rock and then conveyor belts are used to
transport it up to the surface.
     The definition of refinin...

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