Term Papers on Obstacles Toward Development

Term Paper Title	Obstacles Toward Development
# of Words	1266
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	5.06

Obstacles Toward Development

In this every day changing world, many of us are living in a comfortable home,
have enough food to eat, well clothed, healthy, and financially independent.
All these are provided to us because we are living in a well-developed country.
Others in the third world nation are not so lucky.  They may have no shelter,
limited food supply, and unemployed.  This is because their country is not well
developed like ours.  Problems that stop these countries from developing are

1.      Low levels of living, comprising low incomes, high inequality, poor
health and inadequate education. 2.     Low levels of productivity. 3     High
rates of population growth and Dependency Burdens. 4.     High levels of
Unemployment and Underemployment. 5.     Significant dependence on agricultural
production and primary product exports. 6.     Dominance, dependence, and
vulnerability in international relations.

     Low levels of living is one of the major obstacles toward development.
Low levels of living is comprised of low incomes, high inequality, poor health
and inadequate education.  The gross national product (GNP) is the most commonly
used measure of the overall level of economic activity.  The gross domestic
product (GDP) measures the total value for final use of output produced by an
economy, by both residents and nonresidents. Thus GNP comprises GDP plus the
differences between the income residents receive from abroad for factor services
(labor and capital) fewer payments made to nonresidents who contribute to the
domestic economy.  Many Third World countries have a low level of per capital
income, in addition there is a slower GNP growth compare to the developed
nations. Secondly, many people in third world countries are unhealthy and
constantly battle with disease while trying to stay alive.  The infant mortality
rate is very high compared to the developed countries.  One reason that leads to
this is that they do not have the access to safe drinking water and health
service.  Clean drinking water is one of the major factors necessary to avoid
illness.  Water-borne diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, and a wide array
of serious or fatal diarrheal diseases are responsible for more than 35% of the
deaths of young children Africa, Asia, and Latin America.  Most of these
diseases and resulting deaths can be eliminated with safe water supplies.  In
addition, health service is very limited in the least developed countries.  It
is limited in the number of doctors and beds provided for the patients.  Also,
all the hospitals and medical facilities are located in the urban areas.  People
who are not living in the urban areas will have trouble getting to hospital and
use the medical facilities provide.  Thirdly, many people who live in the third
world countries lack education.  This is due to the limited budget the
government provides.  In most countries, education takes the largest share of
the government budget.
     Besides low levels of living, low level of productivity is also a major
obstacle toward development.  A production function is often used to describe
the way in which societies go about providing for their material needs.  In the
developing countries, the levels of labor productivity are very low compared
with those in developed countries.  The
reason which lead to this is that they lack capital and experienced management.
Developed countries have enough capital and experience to buy machinery to
increase their productivity.  To raise productivity for third world countries,
domestic savings and foreign finance must be used to generate new investment in
physical capital goods.  This will give more opportunity to the workers in terms
of education and training and have more high tech machinery to increase in the
productivity.
     The high rate of population growth is the third obstacle toward
development.  The birth rate in the third would country is so high that it is
counted as three-fourths of the population out of the whole world.  Children
under the age of 15 is close ...

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