Term Papers on How The Internet Got Started

Term Paper Title	How The Internet Got Started
# of Words	849
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.4

How The Internet Got Started

     Some thirty years ago , the Rand corporation , America's formost cold
war think tank, faced a strange straegic problem. How could the US authrieties
succesfully communicate after a nuclear war?

     Postnuclear America would need a comand-and-control network, linked from
city to city , state to state, base to base . But no matter how throughly that
network was armored or protected , its switches and wiring would always be
vulnerable to the impact of atomic  bombs. A nuclear attack would reduce any
conceivable network to tatters. And how would the network itself  be commanded
and controlled ? Any central authority, any network central citadel, would be
an obvious and immediate target for man enemy missle. The center of the network
would be the very first place to go.

     RAND mulled over this grim puzzle in deep military secrecy, and arrived
at a daring solution made in 1964.The principles were simple . The network
itself  would be assumed to be unreliable at all times . It would be designed
from the get-go to tyranscend its all times . It would be designed from the
get-go to transcend its  own unrreliability. All the nodes from computers in
the network would be equal in status to all other nodes , each node with its
own authority to originate , pass , and recieve messages. The messages would be
divided into packets, each packet seperatly addressed. Each packet would begin
at some specified source node , and end at some other specified destination node
. Each packet would wind its way through the network on an individual
basis.In fall 1969, the first such node was insalled in UCLA. By December 1969,
there were 4 nodes on the infant network, which was named arpanet, after its
Pentagon sponsor.

     The four computers could even be programed remotely from the other nodes.
thanks to ARPANET scientists and researchers could share one another's computer
facilities by long -distance . This was a very handy service , for computer-
time was precious in the early ‘70s. In 1971 ther were fifteen nodes in
Arpanet; by 1972, thirty-seven nodes. And it was good.

     As early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to
ARPANET.  ARPANET itself remained fairly tightly controlled,at least until
1983,when its military segment broke off and became MILNET. TCP/IP became more
common,entire other networks fell into the digital embrace of the Internet,and
messily adhered. Since the software called TCP/IP was public domain and he
basic technology was decentralized and rather anarchic by its very nature,it as
difficult to stop people from barging in linking up somewhere or other. Nobody
wanted to stop them from joining this branching complex of networks, which came
tobe known as the "INTERNET".

     Conn...

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